Webspiders & Robots (Search Engines)
Aeiwi
Alexa
AllTheWeb
AltaVista
AOL Netfind
Anzwers
Canada.com
DirectHit
EuroSeek
Excite
Goto
Google
HotBot
InfoMak
InfoSeek
Kanoodle
Lycos
MasterSite
National Directory
Northern Light
SearchIt
SimpleSearch
WebCrawler
WebsMostLinked
WebTop
What-U-Seek
Indexes & Catalogs (Major)
About.com (formerly, The Mining Company)
Ask.com (aka Ask Jeeves)
Britannica
Infoseek Web Directory
LookSmart
Jayde
MSN Search Index
Open Directory Project
Rex
Snap!
Snap! LiveDirectory
TurnPike
What’s New Too
Yahoo
Indexes & Catalogs (General, Part 1)
Ah-Ha
Constellation
CyberDirectory
DirectFind
Ditto
FetchDog
Indexes & Catalogs (General, Part 2)
Find.com
GeneralSearch
GotoGeo
HitBox
HitsGalore
HotRate
Infohiway
InfoSpace
LifeStyle UK
Indexes & Catalogs (General, Part 3)
LinkMaster
LinkCentre
LookTheWeb
NerdWorld
OmniSeek
OneMission
OneKey
OpenHere
PHATOZ
Indexes & Catalogs (General, Part 4)
PlanetClick
PowerSearch
Qango
QuestFinder
Scrub The Web
SearchHound
SearchKing
SearchTheWeb
Starting Point
Indexes & Catalogs (General, Part 5)
Top100ComAu
WebScout
WebVenture Hotlist
Win4Win
Eye On The Web
Indexes & Catalogs (Personal)
WebVenture Personal
WhoWhere
Zeal (M)
People.Yahoo.com
SwitchBoard
YourFamily.com
Indexes & Catalogs (General Business Related)
411Locate
4SmallBusiness
AsiaNet
BizCardz
BizExpose
BizWeb
Companies Online
Comfind
Goto
InfoMarket
QuickPage
USA Online
1st Global Directory
BigYellow
GTE Yellow Pages
The Jewelry Mall
Nihongo Yellow Pages
Rescue Island
Where2Go
Indexes & Catalogs (Shopping)
Buyers Index
CoolShopping
Galaxy
InfoMarket
Internet Mall
InternetShopper
MallPark
Marketsuite.com
MySimon
NetMall
Online Shopping Guide
Shop.com
ShopARoo
theBestMall
WebMarket
Yahoo Shopfind
The Jewelry Mall
Indexes & Catalogs (Special-Interest)
Alba66 Search Engines by Country list (excellent!)
AllSearchEngines.com (excellent!)
Andaloucia.com Search Engine List Page
Beaucoup (excellent!)
The Argus Clearinghouse
DirectoryGuide
FinderSeeker
Internet Sleuth
Search Engine Colossus (Huge list by country!)
Search Engine Watch Specialty Search Listings
Search Power!
WebSearch Guide @ About.com
WebSearch Guide @ About.com – Search Engine List
Yahoo Search Engine / Index Listings
Comedy Zone
PerformingArts.net
Retif’s Art Index
wwwARTchannel
WeCareToo
Collectiques
Acts Christian Search
Christianity.net
Find-a-Church
Goshen.net
Halleluia! – Churches
Netministries.org
English as a Second Language
PedagoNet (Learning Resources)
TeachWeb
WebQuests
eCology Links
GreenSites
Festive World
Biomed Net (Biologicial and Medical Research)
HealthLinks
Medical World Search
AOL Netfind Kids Only
Ask Jeeves for Kids
Disney Internet Guide
Family Web Files
PeachPod
SalukiSearch
SuperSnooper
TalentedKids.com
Yahooligans
FindLaw
Internet Legal Resource Guide
Hieros Gamos
Indiana University School of Law: Law Virtual Library
AppleLinks
Macinstein
IndustrySearch
Castings Directory (Foundry Industry)
Celluloid Links
DirectionX Anime Search Engine
Everything Showbiz
The Reel Site Directory
MusicSearch
RockSource
SiteScour
Search Engine Watch Multimedia/MP3 Search Engine Lists
All Newspapers.com
Elint
Internet Press
AvatarSearch (Occult)
Internet Underground
SpiritSearch (Spiritual/Metaphysical)
Accomodation.com
BuildNet (Building Industry)
ContractorGuide
The Real Estate Library
AdvisorPage (Professional Financial Services)
Busweb (Buses & Coaches)
CompuInfo Center (Computer Hardware)
InteriorDesigner.com
TenLinks (CAD Design)
Deeper Blue Search (Underwater stuff)
Golfers Index
Accomodation.com
Cyber Resort Online
InnWeb (Index of Inns and Bed-n-Breakfasts)
Roomz (Hotels, B&B, etc)
Travel Channels
World Wide Travel Source
Free Center
Nautila
NetSurprise
Scour.net Multimedia & Graphics
Femina
SheKnows – Online Resources & Info for Women
Women’s Business Directory
WWWoman (M)
Arizona.com (M)
BostonShopper.com (M)
DFW.com (Dallas/Fort Worth) (M)
Kazam.com (Upper Midwest USA) (M)
Kentucky.com (M)
MichiganMercant (M)
New Jersey Webguide (M)
OneGenesis (Washington DC) (M)
Search-Nevada.com (M)
Uffda! (Minnesota) (M)
ContestWorld (M)
Do-It-Yourself Search (M)
JobHopper – Help Wanted Listings (M)
MatureConnections – index for senior citizens (M)
British Search Engines & Indexes
AskAlex (M)
Excite UK
Mirago
Scoot (M)
Search UK (M)
Splut (M)
UK Directory (M)
UK Index (M)
UKMax (M)
UK Plus (M)
British Web Design & Marketing Assoc. List (M)
Canadian Search Engines & Indexes
Canadian, Eh?
CanadaSeek (M)
AlcanSeek (M)
WebCity Canada (M)
Maple Square (M)
Carrefour (Quebec) (M)
SearchBC (British Columbia) (M)
WebCanada (M)
Yellow.ca (Yellow Pages) (M)
CanadaOne’s list of Canadian Indexes (M)
Step 1: Yahoo (aka ‘Yahoo uber alles’)
Yahoo (M)
African Search Engines & Indexes
Zebra
Aardvark (South Africa) (M)
Ananzi (South Africa) (M)
Angola.org (M)
Casanet (Morocco) (M)
CyberEthiopia (M)
EgyptWeb (M)
EgyptSearch (M)
GhanaForum (M)
Max (South Africa) (M)
Mbendi (South Africa; business) (M)
S. A. Directory (M)
South Africa Online (M)
WoYaa! (M)
ZA-Index (South Africa) (M)
Asian Search Engines & Indexes (excluding Japan)
123 India (M)
163.com (China) (M)
3721.com (China) (M)
Altavista Korea (M)
AppuOnline (India) (M)
AsiaGuide (M)
Balla (Hong Kong) (M)
BataviaNet (Indonesia) (M)
Beijing.com (China) (M)
Cari (Malaysia) (M)
Cebu Online (Philippines) (M)
Chinapages (China) (M)
Chinascape (China) (M)
Chinavista (China) (M)
Coo (Taiwan) (M)
CSeek (China) (M)
CUKH (Hong Kong) (M)
East.net (China) (M)
Edsa (Philippines) (M)
Essence of India (M)
FilipinoLinks (Philippines) (M)
Gappu (India) (M)
Goyoyo (China) (M)
GSILink (Philippines) (M)
HK Data (M)
HK Search (M)
HK Seek (M)
Hong Kong Search Engine (M)
HotRank (Taiwan) (M)
IndiaBook (India) (M)
IndiaTimes (India) (M)
iViet (Vietnam) (M)
Jadoo (India) (M)
KInfo (Korea) (M)
Khoj (India) (M)
Ohu (China) (M)
Online (China) (M)
Orientation Asia (M)
PCCMS (China) (M)
Mahanagar (India) (M)
Mochanni (Korea) (M)
Monster (Taiwan) (M)
Mukil (India) (M)
Naver (Korea) (M)
NetEase (China) (M)
Pakistan Web Directory (M)
Poyin (Singapore) (M)
ReadChina (China) (M)
Rediff (India) (M)
RichSurf (China) (M)
SajaSearch (Indonesia) (M)
Search Indonesia (M)
Search Singapore (M)
Sinanet (China) (M)
Sohu (China) (M)
South Asian Milan (Indian Subcontinent) (M)
SpeedNet (Hong Kong) (M)
Surf China (M)
Technofind (Singapore) (M)
Vietgate (Vietnam) (M)
Vietpage (Vietnam) (M)
WebHK (Hong Kong) (M)
WNet (Thailand) (M)
Whatsite (Taiwan) (M)
Yam (Taiwan) (M)
YeHey! (Philippines) (M)
Zhaodaola (China) (M)
Australian Search Engines & Indexes
Anzwers
Australian Internet Directory
Boomerang
DirectFind
Excite Australia
GoEureka (M)
LookSmart Australia (M)
OZSearch (M)
Parasearch (M)
WebWombat
ANZAK Search (M)
Aussie.com (M)
Australian WWW Servers (M)
Cowley Findit! (M)
Directory.net.au (M)
NSW Search (New South Wales) (M)
SA Seek (South Australia) (M)
Sun Search (Queensland) (M)
Vic Find (Victoria) (M)
WAZOO (West Australia) (M)
European Search Engines & Indexes
AllT (M)
Bosnia Online (M)
Buscopio (Spanish Index of Indexes) (M)
Croatian Internet Directory (M)
Donde (Spain) (M)
El Indice (Spain) (M)
Evreka (Finland) (M)
GoJasper (Belgium) (M)
Greek Explorer (M)
Haku (Finland) (M)
Heureka (Hungary) (M)
Ilse (Netherlands) (M)
Imago (Romania) (M)
Jippii (Finland) (M)
Jubii (Denmark) (M)
Just Monaco (M)
Katalog (Slovakia) (M)
Kvasir (Denmark/Norway/Sweden) (M)
Kypros (Cyprus) (M)
Krstarica (Yugoslavia) (M)
Lithuania Online (M)
Maknet (Macedonia) (M)
MTV3 (Finland) (M)
Neti (Estonia) (M)
Netoskop (Poland) (M)
Ole (Spain) (M)
Onet (Poland) (M)
Online Lithuania (M)
Orientation Eastern Europe (M)
Origo (Norway) (M)
Ozu (Spain) (M)
Punkt (Sweden) (M)
RMacedonia (M)
Sapo (Portugal) (M)
Search Malta (M)
Seznam (Czech Republic) (M)
Slowwwenia (Slovenia) (M)
Sonera (Finland) (M)
South (Iceland) (M)
Trovator (Spain) (M)
Vide (Croatia) (M)
Vindex (Netherlands) (M)
WebIndex (Greece) (M)
Wirtualna Polska (Poland) (M)
WWW (Croatia) (M)
WWW (Finland) (M)
WWW (Yugoslavia) (M)
YuSearch (Yugoslavia) (M)
YuStart (Yugoslavia) (M)
Zoek (Netherlands) (M)
French-language Search Engines & Indexes
Excite France
Indicateur (M)
Netscan
Voila
Adminet (M)
Advalvas (Belgium) (M)
Bagou (M)
Carrefour (Quebec) (M)
Chaloop (M)
Chut (M)
CtrouvŽ (M)
Ecila (M)
Enfin (directory of french search engines!) (M)
Eureka (M)
Francite (M)
Geneve Central (Switzerland) (M)
IndexA (M)
Kifessa (M)
La Toile du QuŽbec (Quebec) (M)
LuxPoint (Luxembourg) (M)
Metamoteur (Quebec) (M)
Nomade (M)
Reference (Switzerland) (M)
Rendez-vous (M)
Roadhouse (M)
Romandie (Switzerland) (M)
Sear.ch (Switzerland) (M)
Sharelook (M)
Sharelook (Belgium) (M)
Sharelook (Switzerland) (M)
Souany (M)
SwissOne (Switzerland) (M)
Swiss Search (Switzerland) (M)
Tiger 8 (M)
TopBon (M)
Trouvez (M)
Vachement (M)
Wanadoo (M)
Web-Marchand (M)
WebBel (Belgium) (M)
WebWatch (Belgium) (M)
WebWatch (Belgian Search Engine List) (M)
What2Do (Belgium) (M)
WhoYou (M)
German Search Engines & Indexes
Crawler.de
Excite Germany
FireBall
Fux (M)
Spider.de (M)
CoolSuchen (M)
Abacho (M)
Acoon (M)
Aladin (M)
Aladin-Branchenindex (M)
Alles Klar (M)
Bellnet Suchmaschine (M)
Best of Internet (M)
Blitzsuche (M)
Branchen-DINO (M)
Business Suchdienst (M)
BusinessLink (Switzerland) (M)
Columbus Finder (M)
Crawler (M)
Dasi (Business) (M)
Deutsches Branchenbuch (M)
Dino (M)
Eorupages (M)
Eule (Germany) (M)
Fixx.de (M)
Flix (Business) (M)
Guter Rat! (M)
Hit-net (M)
HotList (M)
Infoseek Deutschland (M)
Intersearch (M)
Klug Suchen (M)
Kolibri (M)
Kostenlos.com (M)
Kostenlos.de (M)
Lotse (M)
Lupe.com (M)
Lycos.de (M)
Mosquito (M)
Nathan (M)
NetGuide (M)
NetGuide (Switzerland) (M)
REX.de (M)
Sharelook (M)
Sharelook (Switzerland) (M)
Speedfind (M)
STERN Online (M)
Swiss Search (M)
WEB.DE (M)
Web-Archiv (M)
WebIndex (M)
Webtip (M)
Wer liefert was? (M)
Wo long (M)
World’s Best (M)
Sternchen (M)
Irish Search Engines & Indexes
Ask Paddy (M)
Doras (M)
NiceOne (M)
ieSearch (M)
Infosites Ireland (M)
Ireland Search (M)
Swift (Ireland) (M)
Italian Search Engines & Indexes
Arianna (M)
Caffe (M)
Virgilio (M)
Iltrovatore (M)
ShinySeek (M)
Il Ragno Italiano (M)
Japanese Search Engines & Indexes
Acaranavi
CSJ Index
dddd! Search
Dragon
Excite Japan
Find’X
FreshEye
Goo
Hole-In-One
iNet Guide
Infoseek Japan
InfoNavigator
ISize
Lycos Japan
Mondou
NetPlaza
Nikkei Net
Search Engine Room
Senrigan
Wave Navigator
WezSite
Yahoo Japan
Latin-American Search Engines & Indexes
Achei (Brasil) (M)
Antena (Chile) (M)
AltaVista Latin America (M)
Aonde (Brasil) (M)
Apali (M)
Argentina WWW Directory (M)
Auyantepui (Venezuela) (M)
BigWeb (Brasil) (M)
BIWE (M)
Bacan! (Ecuador) (M)
Bolivian.com (M)
Bookmarks (Brasil) (M)
Brasil On Line (M)
Brazilis (Brasil) (M)
Buscador (Mexico) (M)
BuscaBr (Brasil) (M)
BuscaWeb (Brasil) (M)
Cade (Brasil) (M)
Costa Rica SuperSite (M)
Encontrei (Brasil) (M)
Eureka (Venezuela) (M)
GauchoNet (Argentina) (M)
Global Media (Brasil) (M)
Grippo (Argentina) (M)
Guia! (Argentina) (M)
Guiaweb (???) (M)
Iguana (Mexico) (M)
Index Columbia (M)
Infoseek Brasil (M)
Infoseek en Espanol (M)
MexMaster (Mexico) (M)
Mexico Web Guide (M)
Miner (Brasil) (M)
NazcaNet (M)
NetBiz (Brasil) (M)
NetSearch Jamaica (M)
Nicaragua Online (M)
OGrandeGuia (Brasil) (M)
Ondier (Brasil) (M)
Radaruol (Brasil) (M)
Sol (Spain) (M)
StarMedia (M)
Surf.com (Brasil) (M)
Uruguay Total (M)
Web Peru (M)
Wepa (Puerto Rico/Virgin Islands) (M)
Yagua (Paraguay) (M)
Yupi (M)
Zeek (Brasil) (M)
Additional Spanish-language Indexes (courtesy of tiemposmejores.com) (M)
Additional Portuguese-language Indexes (courtesy of tiemposmejores.com) (M)
Yet Another Index of Latin Search Engines and Indexes (M)
A Big List of Brazilian Directories (M)
Netherlands Search Engines & Indexes
Ecrider (M)
Excite Netherlands (M)
Ilse (M)
Looksmart Netherlands (M)
Lycos Netherlands (M)
NL Menu (business index) (M)
Open Directory Netherlands (M)
Scoot (M)
Search (M)
Track (M)
Viden (M)
Vindex (M)
Zoek (M)
Russian Search Engines & Indexes
Ads and Consulting (M)
Aport! (Search Engine) (M)
Au! (M)
List.ru (M)
Rambler (Search Engine) (M)
Russia on the Net (great url!) (M)
Search (M)
Search Centre (M)
Stolitsa Internet (M)
Tela (Search Engine) (M)
Ulitka (M)
Weblist.ru (M)
Yandex (Search Engine) (M)
Zenon N.S.P. (M)
Listing of Russian-speaking Internet Indexes (M)
Ukrainian Search Engines & Indexes
Infoukes (M)
Kharkiv.net (M)
Sesna (M)
Ukraine.com (M)
A Note of Thanks
Sites that accept Adult listings:
BizWeb
BuyItOnline (M)
Comfind
Goto (M)
LinkMaster
MallPark (M)
Open Directory Project (M)
USA Online
WebDirect (M)
What’s New Too
Win4Win
Yahoo (M)
Adults-Only Indexes and Promotion Resources:
3X World (M)
AdultMatrix (M)
Amy’s Wetspots (M)
Dark Castle (M)
Farking (M)
ManSeek (M)
Naughty.com (M)
PornSubmit (M)
Rose’s Naughty Links (M)
SexTracker (M)
Sin City (M)
SINfoseek (M)
Sublime Directory (M)
Wirthit (M)
Special Restricted Indexes
Search Beat
Daily/Weekly/Monthly Hot/Cool Sites
Bridging Heaven & Earth
Controversy.net
Cool Site of the Day (M)
Cool Site of the Nite
Cosmic Site of the Night
CrAzYbOy’S Hot Site
Dean’s Cool Site of the Week
Dr. Webster’s
Flung Site of the Day
Gem Of The Web
HOTSITE! Award
Netscape What’s New
Netscape What’s Cool
Red-Eye Site of the Month
Scorpiosite Cool Site Award
Short Attention-Span Site
Too Cool
TopTenLinks (M)
Xplore
What’s Hot, What’s Not
Yahoo Pick of the Week
Truly Exceptional Site Awards
@Websites Award
10 Best
Accusubmit Top 5% Award (M)
Award for Excellence
Award to Internet Excellence
Best of the Web Award
BESTEEN hot site
Caroline’s Good Site Award
Color Outside the Lines
Comedy Cool Site Award
C.T.Adams_||| Webmaster Award
Chris’ World Award
Driftwood Mark of Excellence
Dystini’s Excellence Award
EggCellent Award
Eggscellence Awards
The Enlightenment Award
The European Internet Award
Fatman’s Site of Excellence
Featured Site Award
Gazoo’s Gold Choice
Gr8site Award.
Great Site Award
The Greyton H. Taylor Memorial
HotSpots
Jayde Diamonds
Jeremy’s Award
The Jobo Huuuh!! Award
Lando’s Top Destination Award
Linkaholics Hot Site Award.
The Lunar Graphics Award
Medaille d’Or
Medeirosland Desert Pick
Merle’s Top Pick
Mountain Site Award
Mr. Tadpole’s Cool Site! award
Nuclear Winter
Netguide Platinum (M)
Online Europe
Out of this GaLaXy AWARD
Paxsites Award of Excellence
Pink Quill Award
The Platinum Resource Award
Rasta Quality Award
Riddler’s Choice
A Site to See Award
Strutting Frog Award
The Surreal Web Site Award
Time Well Spent
The Vivek Award
WebSun Awards
WS Award
Zenation Top 100 (M)
HTML Awards
Dr. Clue
Interactive’s Cool Site Award
Site Design Awards
1999 Golden Anvil Award
2havefun’s Excellence Award
Aloha Award
Award of Merit
Ayana’s Award Of Excellence
BL-Soft.com Design Award
A Brilliant Design
BT Design Awards
Creative Award
CSdata Web Award ’98
Ergonomic Design Award
Gems’ Award of Excellence
The Golden Sphere Award
Graphic World 5 Star Award
A HELICOPTERS AWARD
Market-Tek Design Award
Net Nation Awards
PeaceWork Certified Site Award
The Site of Excellence Award
Searcher Award of Excellence
Web Excellence
Website Excellence
WebNet (M)
Graphics Awards
Award For Graphical Excellence
Graphic Park
LogoWonders Superior Graphic.. (M)
Resource Awards
The Best Site Award
Critical Mass
F.S.C.T. A+ Website
Network Resource Site Award
PSYCHOHELP Web-Education Award (M)
VirtualPromote
Webmaster T
WebReference (M)
Business-related Awards
Cut Above
encouragemint.com
Home Business of the Month (M)
InfoGuide (M)
Jury Award for E-commerce (M)
Learning Fountain (M)
Target’s Business Site Award (M)
Web Wings Award (M)
Non-Commercial & Homepage Awards
Adventures Award (M)
Angharad’s Cool Page
Award E-Sweet
BUNI’S 4444 Award
Cyberbrat’s Award of greatness
Excellent Home Page Award
The Handy Award
Hope Award
IWL Award
Jeffrey’s Excellence Homepage
Site of Substance
Kids Awards
Angharad’s Cool Page
Eternity’s Award
KidBytes Award
Kid Friendly Award
Noteworthy Award (M)
Nowie’s Award
Wolf Awards
Fun Awards
Cool Site award
Cool Site Award!
Da Dot Award
Golden Lion
Mr. Dot’s Swingin’ Website
Sweet Cheeses & Pure Cheez
Weird Awards
List of the Insane and Unusual (M)
The Vile Award
Walk the Night Solitary
Awards with special requirements
101Compelling Text Achievement (M)
Alaska Web Site Award (M)
Amanda’s Awards (14)
Animals in Distress Award (M)
BaseballCentral.net Award (M)
Best Animal Site of the Web (M)
Best Brewer Award (M)
Best of Net About Immigration (M)
Best VTM site (M)
Best Youth Site Award (M)
BizWeb2000 Gold (M)
The Blue Maxwell (M)
Catholic Family Site Award (M)
Cool Living History Site Award (M)
Creative Website Award
Dare to Drum Music Education (M)
A Design Above (M)
Devoted to Chevelle (M)
DNE Under Construction Award (M)
DSTW Awards (M)
eCOLOGY Award (M)
ECW Wrestling Award (M)
Editor’s Choice Award (M)
Empowerment Award (M)
The EnviroAward (M)
Excellence Award for Romance (M)
Exquisitely Artistic (M)
The Fly With Eagles Award (M)
Fire in the Soul (M)
Freedom Award (M)
Freedom to Be (M)
The Gold Tin Award (M)
The Golden Weasel Award (M)
Greywlf’s Website Excellence (M)
The Gulf Palace Award (M)
High Octane (M)
Horse Directory Supreme Site (M)
Inspirational Gold Award (M)
IRC Related Award Program (M)
I’ve different awards (M)
IM — Best of Food Online (M)
Knight of the Realm Award (M)
The Knights of Little Bohemia (M)
Lad’s Basketball Site Award (M)
Literary Content Award (M)
Literary Rose (M)
Medical Online Excellence (M)
Millennium And Beyond Award
Monthly Education Hot Site (M)
Mrs. Gottrocks Diamond Award (M)
Mullein Award for Nature (M)
Music Award of Excellence (M)
The “Nellie” Awards (M)
Niblett’s Award for Golf Web (M)
Okie Gold Award (M)
Outstanding Graphics Resource (M)
Outstanding Science Site Award (M)
The Owners Rights Award (M)
Pink Champagne Award (M)
Public Safety Excellence Award (M)
Rankin!’s Lib-Leader Award (M)
Rhythmic Gymnastics Award (M)
The Show Awards (M)
Spreading Agape’ Award (M)
Starbase 133 LCARS Net award
TALK of the Message Board (M)
Temple of Dawn Rose Award (M)
Tribute to Pets Award (M)
Tourism Promote Award (M)
The Ultimate Emulation Award (M)
Web Knight Award (M)
The Web Site Excellence Award (M)
WebSite101 A+ Award (M)
Website Integrity Award (M)
Weekly Gazette A Content Award (M)
Westerwald-Award (M)
Wirthit’s Award Of Excellence (M)
Other places to find awards:
Focus Associates Awards List (M)
MMSeekers Award Manager (M)
Website Awards Worksheet (M)
Yahoo – Cool Sites Index (M)